GTÜElectronics Notes

Digital Communications · Digital lecture note

Lecture 5 – Flat-top sampling, PAM/PWM/PPM, TDM and PCM

Sayısal Haberleşme – Düz tepeli örnekleme, PAM/PWM/PPM, TDM ve PCM

Course
Digital Communications (ELM365)
Semester
Semester 6 · Spring 2023–24
Format
PDF · 13 pages · 0.5 MB · handwriting-style LaTeX
Language
Turkish
Original note
Ders-5.pdf

Open the PDF (0.5 MB)LaTeX source (.tex)Original handwritten note

Lecture 5 – Flat-top sampling, PAM/PWM/PPM, TDM and PCM – first page of the digital lecture note
Notice: The digital notes were created from the handwritten notes with the help of Claude (Anthropic); they are meant as a supplementary resource and may contain errors. Always rely on the original notes and the official course materials.

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Not: Orijinal dosyadaki basılı sayfalar (s. 9) dijitalleştirilmedi; yalnızca el yazısı sayfalar aktarıldı.

Sample and Hold operation (örnekle ve tut işlemi)

Düz Tepeli örnekleme (Flat top sampling) (FTS)

x_s(t) : Darbe Genlik mod (DGM)

Pulse amplitude mod

Burda darbeler düz tepeli

bu discrete time analog modulation zaman ayrık ama genlik değil

Discrete time analog modulation

Sample/ Hold (Dump) circuit

Equalizing LPF (Dengeleyici AGF)

advance in time → h_eq(t) is not causal

For this reason,

A PAM signal is produced as shown in the figure below. a) If the bandwidth of x(t) is 1 kHz, what is the maximum value of T_s to obtain x(t) without distortion at the receiver? b) For T_s=T_s() , sketch PAM demodulator. Find the transfer function of demodulator.

x_PPM(t) : Pulse Width modulationClaude notu: muhtemelen Pulse Position modulation olmalı.

PWM: Pulse Width Modulation (Darbe Genişlik Modülasyonu)

PPM: Pulse Position Modulation (Darbe Pozisyon Modülasyonu)

Time division multiplexing (TDM) Zaman bölmeli çoklama (ZBÇ)

Multiple PAM signals are transmitted without overlapping.

At the receiver, PAM signals are separated by synchronization

Advantages: 1) Easier to implement 2) Less crosstalk than FDM

Disadvantage: 1) Strict synchronization

Çok kaynaklı (Multi-source) → multiplexing (çoklama)

Çok kullanıcılı (Multi user) → Multiple Access (çoklu erişim)

TDMA (2.nesil, avrupada GSM), FDMA (1.nesil)

3.nesil: Code Division multiplexing

Pulse code Modulation (Darbe kod modülasyonu - DKM)

x(t) analog signal -x_p den +x_p ye kadar

x_p=Maks |x(t)| peak value (Tepe değer)

kuantalayıcı adımı (Quantizer step) =Δ v=2x_pL kuantalayıcıdaki seviye sayısı (# of levels in quantizer)

L=8 (Mid rise quantizer)

* Each sample is approximated with a quantized value, the approximation will result in an error less than Δ v/2 in the positive direction or -Δ v/2 in the negative

Average quantization noise power =N_q=E[q^2]

(ort. kuantalama gürültüsü gücü)

İşaretin gürültüye oranı (İGO)

Signal to noise Ratio (SNR)

signal to Quantization noise Ratio (SQNR)

← Lecture 4 – Sampling theorem and types of samplingLecture 6 – PCM, quantization, line codes and delta modulation →

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